What is Sea freight?
Sea freight transportation, also known as “international maritime cargo transportation”, is the most important mode of transportation in international logistics. It is a mode of transporting goods between ports in different countries and regions by means of ships through sea lanes, and it is the most widely used in international cargo transportation. More than 2/3 of the total volume of international trade and about 90% of the total volume of China’s import and export freight are transported by sea. The changes in the world brought about by maritime transportation are enormous.
Advantages of sea freight transportation
Natural waterways
Marine transportation is carried out with the help of natural waterways, which are not restricted by roads and tracks and have a stronger passing capacity. With the change of political, economic and trade environment and natural conditions, the route can be adjusted and changed at any time to complete the transportation task.
Large carrying capacity
With the development of international shipping industry, the modern shipbuilding technology is becoming more and more exquisite, and the ships are getting larger and larger day by day. The super-giant tankers have reached more than 600,000 tons, and the capacity of the fifth-generation container ships has exceeded 5,000 TEU.
Low freight cost
Maritime transportation channels are naturally formed, and port facilities are generally built by the government, so companies operating maritime business can save a lot of investment in infrastructure. Ships with large capacity, long service time and long transportation mileage have lower unit transportation cost, which provides favorable conditions for the transportation of low-value bulk cargoes.
What are the main types of sea freight
Sea freight whole container FCL
International sea transportation is divided into two ways: sea freight whole container FCL: full container load. refers to the whole box of goods only a consignor to the destination port, relatively speaking, easier than the consolidated box. The whole container is the consignor is responsible for boxing, counting, accumulation and sealing of freight. The unloading of the whole container of goods, generally handled by the consignee.
Sea freight LCL
Sea freight LCL: Less Than Container Load is the owner of the consignment of goods less than a full box of small ticket goods, the agent (or carrier) will be sorted out the goods, the goods to the same destination, concentrated to a certain number of assembled into boxes. As a box with different owners of goods assembled together, so called consolidation.
Container has the following types：
20 feet: the size is 6 * 2.2 * 2.3, the theory of loading 30 cubic meters, the actual loading 25-27CBM, 18-23 tons.
20 feet weighted: size is 6*2.2*2.3, theoretical loading 30 cubic meters, actual loading 25-27CBM, 25-28 tons.
40 feet: size is 12*2.2*2.3, theoretical loading 60 cubic meters, actual loading 55-57CBM, 18-23 tons.
40 feet taller: size is 12*2.2*2.8, theoretical loading 73 cubic meters, actual loading 68-70CBM, 18-23 tons. The above is the main use of the cabinet type, others are less used 45 feet, stool cabinets, open top cabinets, refrigerated cabinets and so on.
The main types of ocean freight charges include the following:
Basic ocean freight:The basic cost of transporting goods from the port of origin to the port of destination. Usually settled in US dollars USD.
Terminal Handling Charge (THC). Including operating terminal handling charges (OTHC) at the port of origin and operating terminal handling charges (DTHC) at the port of destination, referred to as THC, which are some costs incurred by the goods at the terminal, such as harbor miscellaneous charges, dredging charges, spraying charges, security charges, loading and unloading charges, stacking and storage charges, handling charges, and external handling charges.
Origin Receiving Charge (ORC). ORC for short, is a local collection fee for ocean routes starting from ports in South China and with destination ports in North America, Central and South America, Europe and North Africa.
General Rate Increase Surcharge (GRI). GRI for short, is a fee charged by the shipowner to compensate for the increase in transportation cost due to various reasons such as port, ship, fuel, cargo or other aspects, which makes the shipping company’s transportation cost increase significantly.
Container Imbalance Charge (CIC). Abbreviated as CIC, this fee is due to the imbalance of trade volume or seasonal changes in cargo flow and container imbalance.
In addition, there are other charges such as stagnant container fee, bad and dirty container fee, repair and washing fee, etc., which are collected by the yard as an agent of the shipping line. The specific fees may vary depending on the requirements of the shipping company.
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